Urology:
The medical specialty of urology, also known as genitourinary surgery, focuses on surgical and medical conditions of the urinary tract and reproductive organs. The kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis) are all included in the field of urology.
Surgical techniques:
The reproductive and urinary systems are intertwined, and problems in one often affect the other. Utilizing real-time ultrasound guidance, urologists receive training in open and minimally invasive surgical techniques.
Endourology:
The discipline of urology known as end urology focuses on the closed manipulation of the urinary tract. Recently, it has expanded to include all minimally invasive urologic surgeries. The foundation of end urology has been transurethral surgery. The urethra allows access to the majority of the urinary tract, making it possible to perform procedures like prostate surgery, urothelial tumor removal, stone removal, and straightforward urethral and ureteral procedures.
Laparoscopy:
Some open surgical procedures have been replaced by laparoscopy, a rapidly developing subspecialty of urology. This field has grown as a result of robot-assisted prostate, kidney, and ureter surgery. In the United States today, so-called robotic assistance is used to perform a lot of prostatectomies.
Oncology of the urology:
The surgical treatment of malignant genitourinary diseases like cancer of the prostate, adrenal glands, bladder, kidneys, ureters, testicles, and penis is known as urologic oncology. This subspecialty overlaps with dermatological oncology and other related areas of oncology. Depending on the type of treatment (surgical or medical), an urologist or an oncologist oversees genitourinary cancer treatment.
Neurourology:
Neurourology examines conditions that cause abnormal urination and the control of the genitourinary system by the nervous system. Conditions like urinary incontinence, detrusor over activity, urinary retention, and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia can be brought on by neurological conditions and disorders like stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injury. In neurourology, urodynamic studies are an important diagnostic tool. Clean intermittent self-catheterization of the bladder, anticholinergic medications, injections of Botulinum toxin into the bladder wall, more advanced and less common therapies like sacral neuromodulator are all used to treat disorders of the nervous system.
Urology for children:
Children’s urologic conditions are the focus of pediatric urology. Enuresis, underdeveloped genitalia (due to delayed growth or delayed puberty, frequently an endocrinological problem), cryptorchidism (undescended testes), congenital genitourinary tract abnormalities, and vesicoureteral reflux are examples of these conditions.
Urology reconstruction:
Reconstructive urology is a highly specialized subspecialty of male urology that aims to restore the genitourinary tract’s structure and function. Trauma (auto accidents, gunshot wounds, industrial accidents, straddle injuries, etc.), prostate procedures, full or partial hysterectomy.
Urology for women:
Management of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and overactive bladder are all areas of female urology. After completing a five- to six-year urology residency, female urologists, many of whom are men, complete a fellowship lasting one to three years. Medical or surgical treatment may be the best option. depending on the root of the issue.
Pediatrics:
One of the most satisfying aspects of medicine can be treating children and watching them recover. For more point by point data about undescended balls click here or, to find out about issues related with a tight prepuce.
- Hypospadias at birth;
- Reconstruction of the bladder;
- Disorders of sex differentiation;
- Reflux of the urine into the kidneys; and genitourinary cancers in children.